REPORTED SPEECH part II
- NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÔNG LÙI THÌ
- Động từ tường thuật có dạng say, says.
Eg: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “the text is difficult”.
→ He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text is difficult.
- Khi câu nói trực tiếp thể hiện một chân lý
Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East”
→ My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East.
- Nếu lúc tường thuật, điểm thời gian được đưa ra trong lời nói gián tiếp vẫn chưa qua
Eg: He said, “ I will come to your house tomorrow”
→ He said (that) he will come to my house tomorrow.
- Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc loại 3:
Eg: He said; “If I knew her address, I would write to her”
→ He said that he would write to her If he knew her address
Eg: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.”
→ She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle.
Eg: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.”
→ The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.
- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề sau “As if/ as though/ wish, It’s (high/ about) time, would rather/ sooner
Eg: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”
→ He wishes (that) he had a lot of money
Eg: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed; children”
→ She told her children that It’s about time they went to bed
Eg: She said; “I would rather you stayed at home”
→ She said that she would rather I stayed at home-
- Không thay đổi thì của: Could, would, might, should, ought to, had better, need…
- Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có năm xác định:
Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980”
→ he said that he was born in 1980.
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong câu phức có thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn
Eg: “I saw him when he was going to the cinema” She said
→She said that she saw him when she was going to the cinema
- CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT KHÁC
Dạng 1: S + V + O + (not) + to V…
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là ask; tell; order (ra lệnh); invite (mời); beg (cầu xin); urge (hối thúc); encourage (khuyến khích); advise (khuyên); warn (cảnh báo); remind (nhắc nhở)…
Eg: “Would you like to come to my birthday party?” He said
=> He invited me to come to his birthday party.
“Don’t forget to get up early.” My mother said
=> My mother reminded me to get up early.
Dạng 2: S + V + O + Ving/N)
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là:
+ Apologize / apologise (to O ) for V-ing (xin lỗi (ai) về việc gì):
Eg:
“Sorry, I’m late.” She said.
=> She apologized for being late
+ Accuse + of V-ing (buộc tội ai về điều gì)
Eg:
“You stole my bike yesterday.” the boy said to his friend.
=> The boy accused his friend of stealing his bike the day before.
+ Congratulate + O + on V-ing (Chúc mừng ai về việc gì).
Eg:
“Congratulations! You won the first prize.”, my teacher said to me
=> My teacher congratulated me on winning the first prize.
+ Prevent + O + from V-ing = Stop + O + from V-ing. (ngăn cản ko cho ai làm gì)
Eg:
“I won’t allow you to play games”, mother said to the boy.
=> Mother prevented / stopped the boy from playing games.
+ Thank + O + for V-ing (cảm ơn ai về việc gì)
Eg:
“It’s very kind of you to show me the way”, the stranger said to the little girl.
=> The stranger thanked the little girl for showing him the way.
+ Warn + O + against V-ing. (cảnh báo ai không nên làm gì)
Eg:
“Don’t be swimming too far”, his former teacher said to him.
=> His former teacher warned him against swimming too far/ not to swim too far.
+ Criticize/ Reproach + O + for + Ving: chỉ trích/ phê bình ai về việc gì đó
+ Blame sb for sth: đổ lỗi cho ai về việc gì ~ Blame sth on sb: đổ lỗi việc gì cho ai
Dạng 3: S + V + Ving
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là: advise (khuyên); suggest (đề nghị); admit (thừa nhận/ thú nhận); deny(phủ nhận)
Eg:
“I didn’t do that”, he said.
=> He denied doing that.
“Shall we go out for dinner ?” he said to us.
=> He suggested going out for dinner.
Or:
=> He suggested that we should go out for dinner.
Dạng 4: S + V + to V…
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là promise (hứa); threaten (đe dọa); agree(đồng ý); offer (đề nghị giúp ai); refuse (từ chối); propose (có ý định);…
Eg:
“I will kill you if you call the police. The man said
=> The man threatened to kill me if I called the police.
“I will come back early.” He said.
=> He promised to come back early.
Dạng 5: S + V + giới từ + Ving
Các động từ thường gặp như:
+ Dream (dreamt / dreamed) of V-ing (mơ về việc gì / điều gì)
Eg:
“I want to become a teacher.” the boy said.
=> The boy dreamed of becoming a teacher.
+ Insist on + V-ing: (khăng khăng, cố nài, năn nỉ làm việc gì)
Eg:
“I really need to meet you”, he said to her.
=> He insisted on meeting her.
+ Look forward to V-ing (rất mong đợi làm việc gì)
Eg:
“I feel like going out with you tonight.” The boy said to his friend.
=> The boy looked forward to going out with his friend that night.”
+ Think (thought) of V-ing (nghĩ đến việc gì)
Eg:
He’s in need. I think I’ll help him.” I said.
=> I thought of helping him.
Dạng 6: Các hình thức cảm thán bắt đầu bằng “what’ và “how” .
Động từ tường thuật là: exclaim (cảm thán ) /shout (hét lên)
Eg: He said: “ What a lovely garden”
=> He exclaimed that they had a lovely garden.
S + said that + it was … / hoặc S + exclaimed that it was
Eg: She said: “What a pity!” -> She exclaimed that it was a pity
- BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN
Exercise 1: Rewrite these following sentences with the same meaning
- She said, “I am reading.”
→ She said that…………………………………………………………….
- They said, “We are busy.”
→ They said that ……………………………………………………………….
- He said, “I know a better restaurant.”
→ He said that…………………………………………………………………
- She said, “I woke up early.”
→ She said that……………………………………………………………….
- He said, “I will ring her.”
→ He said that………………………………………………………………….
- They said, “We have just arrived.”
→ They said that………………………………………………………………
- He said, “I will clean the car.”
→ He said that……………………………………………………………….
- She said, “I did not say that.”
→ She said that…………………………………………………………….
- She said, “I don’t know where my shoes are.”
→ She said that……………………………………………………………….
- He said: “I won’t tell anyone.”
→ He said that………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2: Rewrite these following sentences with the same meaning
- The doctor said to me, “You should lose weight.”
The doctor ………….. me……………………………………………………….
- Mary said, “Let’s go to a movie.”
Mary ……………………………………………………………………………….
- “I didn’t break the windows”, Bill said.
Bill ………………………………………………………………………………….
- “You told a lie, Tom”, she said.
She ……….. Tom…………………………………………………………………
- “I can’t go to your birthday party next Saturday evening, Jack”, said Mary.
Mary……………..………………………………………………………………..
- “I won’t help you with your homework. Never ! ” Jane said to me.
Jane ……………………………………………………………………………….
- Joe said, “Please come to my party.”
Joe …………..…………………………………………………………………….
- Mr. Gray said, “Don’t play in the street.”
Mr. Gray ……………………………………………………………………………
- “Would you like to come on a picnic with us?
They ……………………………………………………………………………….
- “Please don’t tell anybody what happened.”
He asked…………………………………………………………………………
- “If you don’t give me a pay rise. I’ll resign.”
She…………….………………………………………………………………….
- “I’ll finish the work by the end of this week.”
John …………..………………………………………………………………….
- “You ought to take a break, Andrew.”
She ……………………………………………………………………………….
- “Don’t forget to go to the supermarket after work.”
They ……………..……………………………………………………………….
- “Why don’t we sing a few songs?”
He …………………………………………………………………………………
SPEAKING
Topic1: The means of transport you like most.
Eg:
If I have to decide which means of transport I like most, it’ll be a car. Nowadays it is really necessary for me and my family.
Firstly, it is safer to drive a car than to ride a motorbike because in a car there are air bags, seat belts, car alarm, etc, that prevent us from being injured if you have an accident. Driving a car at night on a lonely road will be safer than riding a motorbike.
Secondly, you never have to think about the weather (such a rain, sun, storm, and dark at night) when you drive. A car has an air-conditioner which helps you to avoid getting wet, dust… so it helps to keep you healthy.
In the third place, a car is comfortable and fast. You can pretty much travel wherever you want whenever you want within your local area, without having to worry about the departure times and delays of the public transport system.
Furthermore, you will feel comfortable and relaxed with the CD and DVD machines on the car. You can listen to music and you have the pleasure of driving. When you are tired, you can stop the journey and rest.
Finally, if you have just the one car between you and your family, it can be possible to share the vehicle between all of the family members thus providing everyone with a mode of transport at all times.
Topic 2: The most useful machine in the twentieth century.
Topic 3: The advantages of living in the countryside.
Topic 4: The disadvantages of living in the city.
Topic 5: The importance of learning foreign languages.
